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19-3293; Rev. 2; 9/96
CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter
_______________General Description
The MAX660 monolithic, charge-pump voltage inverter converts a +1.5V to +5.5V input to a corresponding -1.5V to -5.5V output. Using only two low-cost capacitors, the charge pump's 100mA output replaces switching regulators, eliminating inductors and their associated cost, size, and EMI. Greater than 90% efficiency over most of its load-current range combined with a typical operating current of only 120A provides ideal performance for both battery-powered and boardlevel voltage conversion applications. The MAX660 can also double the output voltage of an input power supply or battery, providing +9.35V at 100mA from a +5V input. A frequency control (FC) pin selects either 10kHz typ or 80kHz typ (40kHz min) operation to optimize capacitor size and quiescent current. The oscillator frequency can also be adjusted with an external capacitor or driven with an external clock. The MAX660 is a pincompatible, high-current upgrade of the ICL7660. The MAX660 is available in both 8-pin DIP and smalloutline packages in commercial, extended, and military temperature ranges. For 50mA applications, consider the MAX860/MAX861 pin-compatible devices (also available in ultra-small MAX packages).
___________________________ Features
(R) (R) (R) (R) (R) (R) (R) (R) (R)
Small Capacitors 0.65V Typ Loss at 100mA Load Low 120A Operating Current 6.5 Typ Output Impedance Guaranteed ROUT < 15W for C1 = C2 = 10mF Pin-Compatible High-Current ICL7660 Upgrade Inverts or Doubles Input Supply Voltage Selectable Oscillator Frequency: 10kHz/80kHz 88% Typ Conversion Efficiency at 100mA (IL to GND)
MAX660
______________Ordering Information
PART MAX660CPA MAX660CSA MAX660C/D MAX660EPA MAX660ESA MAX660MJA TEMP. RANGE 0C to +70C 0C to +70C 0C to +70C -40C to +85C -40C to +85C -55C to +125C PIN-PACKAGE 8 Plastic DIP 8 SO Dice* 8 Plastic DIP 8 SO 8 CERDIP
*Contact factory for dice specifications.
________________________Applications
Laptop Computers Medical Instruments Interface Power Supplies Hand-Held Instruments Operational-Amplifier Power Supplies
_________Typical Operating Circuits
+VIN 1.5V TO 5.5V 1 2 C1 1F to 150F 3 4 FC V+ 8 7 6
CAP+ MAX660 OSC GND CAPLV OUT
__________________Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
5
INVERTED NEGATIVE VOLTAGE OUTPUT C2 1F to 150F
VOLTAGE INVERTER DOUBLED POSITIVE VOLTAGE OUTPUT C2 1F to 150F
1 FC CAP+ 1 2 8 7 V+ OSC LV OUT C1 1F to 150F +VIN 2.5V TO 5.5V 2 3 4
FC
V+ 8 7 6 5
CAP+ MAX660 OSC GND CAPLV OUT
GND 3 CAP- 4
MAX660
6 5
DIP/SO
POSITIVE VOLTAGE DOUBLER
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
1
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CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter MAX660
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Operating Temperature Ranges Supply Voltage (V+ to GND, or GND to OUT) .......................+6V MAX660C_ _ ........................................................0C to +70C LV Input Voltage ...............................(OUT - 0.3V) to (V+ + 0.3V) MAX660E_ _ .....................................................-40C to +85C FC and OSC Input Voltages........................The least negative of MAX660MJA ...................................................-55C to +125C (OUT - 0.3V) or (V+ - 6V) to (V+ + 0.3V) Storage Temperature Range............................... -65to +160C OUT and V+ Continuous Output Current..........................120mA Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) ........................... +300C Output Short-Circuit Duration to GND (Note 1) ....................1sec Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70C) Plastic DIP (derate 9.09mW/C above + 70C) ............727mW SO (derate 5.88mW/C above +70C) ..........................471mW CERDIP (derate 8.00mW/C above +70C) ..................640mW Note 1: OUT may be shorted to GND for 1sec without damage, but shorting OUT to V+ may damage the device and should be avoided. Also, for temperatures above +85C, OUT must not be shorted to GND or V+, even instantaneously, or device damage may result.
Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(V+ = 5V, C1 = C2 = 150F, test circuit of Figure 1, FC = open, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2) PARAMETER Operating Supply Voltage RL = 1k CONDITIONS Inverter, LV = open Inverter, LV = GND Doubler, LV = OUT Supply Current Output Current No load FC = open, LV = open FC = V+, LV = open 100 100 15 6.5 5 40 10 80 1 8 96 92 98 96 88 99.00 99.96 % % 10.0 12 kHz A MIN 3.0 1.5 2.5 0.12 1 TYP MAX 5.5 5.5 5.5 0.5 3 mA mA V UNITS
TA +85C, OUT more negative than -4V TA > +85C, OUT more negative than -3.8V TA +85C, C1 = C2 = 10F, FC = V+ (Note 4) IL = 100mA FC = open FC = V+ FC = open FC = V+ RL = 1k connected between V+ and OUT RL = 500 connected between OUT and GND IL = 100mA to GND TA +85C, C1 = C2 = 150F TA +85C
Output Resistance (Note 3)
Oscillator Frequency OSC Input Current
Power Efficiency Voltage-Conversion Efficiency
No load
Note 2: In the test circuit, capacitors C1 and C2 are 150F, 0.2 maximum ESR, aluminum electrolytics. Capacitors with higher ESR may reduce output voltage and efficiency. See Capacitor Selection section. Note 3: Specified output resistance is a combination of internal switch resistance and capacitor ESR. See Capacitor Selection section. Note 4: The ESR of C1 = C2 0.5. Guaranteed by correlation, not production tested.
2
_______________________________________________________________________________________
CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter
__________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics
All curves are generated using the test circuit of Figure 1 with V+ =5V, LV = GND, FC = open, and TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted. The charge-pump frequency is one-half the oscillator frequency. Test results are also valid for doubler mode with GND = +5V, LV = OUT, and OUT = 0V, unless otherwise noted; however, the input voltage is restricted to +2.5V to +5.5V.
MAX660
IS V+ 1 2 3 4 FC CAP+ V+ 8 V+ (+5V )
OSC 7 6
C1
GND MAX660 LV CAP-
OUT 5 IL
RL
VOUT C2
Figure 1. MAX660 Test Circuit
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX660-1
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
MAX660-4
OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT, V+ = 5V
-3.0 MAX660 -3.4 ICL7660 EFF. VOUT ICL7660 -4.6 MAX660 68 92 EFFICIENCY (%) 100
MAX660-6A
400 350 SUPPLY CURRENT (A) 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 LV = OPEN LV = GND LV = OUT
10
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
1
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
-3.8
84
-4.2
76
0.1
0.01 5.5 0.1 1 10 100 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
-5.0 0 20 40 60 80 LOAD CURRENT (mA)
60 100
EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT
MAX660-2
OUTPUT VOLTAGE DROP vs. LOAD CURRENT
OUTPUT VOLTAGE DROP FROM SUPPLY (V)
MAX660-3
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
ILOAD = 1mA -4.5 ILOAD = 10mA
MAX660-5
100 V+ = 5.5V 92 EFFICIENCY (%)
1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 V+ = 4.5V 0.2 V+ = 5.5V 0 V+ = 1.5V V+ = 2.5V
-5.0
84 V+ = 3.5V 76 V+ = 1.5V V+ = 4.5V
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
V+ = 3.5V
-4.0 ILOAD = 80mA -3.5
68
V+ = 2.5V
60 0 20 40 60 80 100 LOAD CURRENT (mA)
-3.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 0.1 1 10 100 OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3
CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter MAX660
_____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
EFFICIENCY vs. OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY
MAX660-6
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX660-7
96 92 88 EFFICIENCY (%) 84 80 76 72 68 64 60 0.1 1 10 ILOAD = 80mA ILOAD = 10mA ILOAD = 1mA
LV = GND LV = GND
LV = GND OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz) 10 8 6 4 2 0 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 LV = OPEN
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz) OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
80 80 LV = = OPEN LV OPEN 60 60 FC = V+, OSC = OPEN 40 40 20 20 0 0 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 2.5 VOLTAGE 4.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 SUPPLY 3.0 3.5 (V) 4.5 5.0 5.5 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
FC = V+, OSC = OPEN
FC = OPEN, OSC = OPEN
100
5.5
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs. EXTERNAL CAPACITANCE
MAX660-9
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX660-10
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX660-10A
100 OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
100 OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz) 80 FC = V+, OSC = OPEN, RL = 100 60
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 FC = OPEN, OSC = OPEN RL = 100
10
FC = V+
1 FC = OPEN 0.1
40
20
0.01 1 10 100 CAPACITANCE (pF) 1000 10000
0 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TEMPERATURE (C)
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
-60 -40 -20 0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (C)
OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX660-13
OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE ()
OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE ()
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
MAX660-11
OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE ()
25 20 15
25 20 15 V+ = 1.5V 10 V+ = 3.0V 5 V+ = 5.0V 0 C1, C2 = 150F OS-CON CAPACITORS RL = 100
C1, C2 = 150F ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS RL = 100 V+ = 1.5V
10 5
V+ = 3.0V
V+ = 5.0V 5.5 0 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TEMPERATURE (C) -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
TEMPERATURE (C)
4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
MAX660-12
14
OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE vs. TEMPERATURE
30 30
OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX660-8
100
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
12
100
CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter
OUTPUT CURRENT vs. CAPACITANCE: VIN = +4.5V, VOUT = -4V
CURRENT (mA) 100 CURRENT (mA) 80 60 40 20 0 0.33 1.0 2.0 2.2 4.7 10 22 47 100 220 CAPACITANCE (F) FC = V+ OSC = OPEN
MAX660 CHART -01
200 150 100 50 0
FC = V+ OSC = OPEN
0.33 1.0 2.0 2.2 4.7 10 22 47 100 220 CAPACITANCE (F)
MAX660 CHART -03
50 CURRENT (mA) 40 30 20 10 0
FC = V+ OSC = OPEN
100 CURRENT (mA) 80 60 40 20 0
FC = V+ OSC = OPEN
0.33 1.0 2.0 2.2 4.7 10 22 47 100 220 CAPACITANCE (F)
0.33 1.0 2.0 2.2 4.7 10 22 47 100 220 CAPACITANCE (F)
______________________________________________________________Pin Description
NAME PIN NAME INVERTER Frequency Control for internal oscillator, FC = open, fOSC = 10kHz typ; FC = V+, fOSC = 80kHz typ (40kHz min), FC has no effect when OSC pin is driven externally. Charge-Pump Capacitor, Positive Terminal Power-Supply Ground Input Charge-Pump Capacitor, Negative Terminal Output, Negative Voltage Low-Voltage Operation Input. Tie LV to GND when input voltage is less than 3V. Above 3V, LV may be connected to GND or left open; when overdriving OSC, LV must be connected to GND. Oscillator Control Input. OSC is connected to an internal 15pF capacitor. An external capacitor can be added to slow the oscillator. Take care to minimize stray capacitance. An external oscillator may also be connected to overdrive OSC. Power-Supply Positive Voltage Input FUNCTION DOUBLER
1
2 3 4 5
FC
CAP+ GND CAPOUT
Same as Inverter
Same as Inverter Power-Supply Positive Voltage Input Same as Inverter Power-Supply Ground Input
6
LV
LV must be tied to OUT for all input voltages.
7
OSC
Same as Inverter; however, do not overdrive OSC in voltage-doubling mode.
8
V+
Positive Voltage Output 5
_______________________________________________________________________________________
MAX660 CHART -04
60
OUTPUT CURRENT vs. CAPACITANCE: VIN = +3.0V, VOUT = -2.7V
120
OUTPUT CURRENT vs. CAPACITANCE: VIN = +3.0V, VOUT = -2.4V
MAX660 CHART -02
120
250
OUTPUT CURRENT vs. CAPACITANCE: VIN = +4.5V, VOUT = -3.5V
MAX660
CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter MAX660
______________Detailed Description
The MAX660 capacitive charge-pump circuit either inverts or doubles the input voltage (see Typical Operating Circuits). For highest performance, low effective series resistance (ESR) capacitors should be used. See Capacitor Selection section for more details. When using the inverting mode with a supply voltage less than 3V, LV must be connected to GND. This bypasses the internal regulator circuitry and provides best performance in low-voltage applications. When using the inverter mode with a supply voltage above 3V, LV may be connected to GND or left open. The part is typically operated with LV grounded, but since LV may be left open, the substitution of the MAX660 for the ICL7660 is simplified. LV must be grounded when overdriving OSC (see Changing Oscillator Frequency section). Connect LV to OUT (for any supply voltage) when using the doubling mode. one-half of the charge-pump cycle. This introduces a peak-to-peak ripple of: IOUT + IOUT (ESRC2) VRIPPLE = 2(fPUMP) (C2) For a nominal f PUMP of 5kHz (one-half the nominal 10kHz oscillator frequency) and C2 = 150F with an ESR of 0.2, ripple is approximately 90mV with a 100mA load current. If C2 is raised to 390F, the ripple drops to 45mV.
Positive Voltage Doubler
The MAX660 operates in the voltage-doubling mode as shown in the Typical Operating Circuit. The no-load output is 2 x VIN.
Other Switched-Capacitor Converters
Please refer to Table 1, which shows Maxim's chargepump offerings.
__________Applications Information
Negative Voltage Converter
The most common application of the MAX660 is as a charge-pump voltage inverter. The operating circuit uses only two external capacitors, C1 and C2 (see Typical Operating Circuits). Even though its output is not actively regulated, the MAX660 is very insensitive to load current changes. A typical output source resistance of 6.5 means that with an input of +5V the output voltage is -5V under light load, and decreases only to -4.35V with a load of 100mA. Output source resistance vs. temperature and supply voltage are shown in the Typical Operating Characteristics graphs. Output ripple voltage is calculated by noting the output current supplied is solely from capacitor C2 during
Changing Oscillator Frequency
Four modes control the MAX660's clock frequency, as listed below: FC Open FC = V+ Open or FC = V+ Open OSC Open Open External Capacitor External Clock Oscillator Frequency 10kHz 80kHz See Typical Operating Characteristics External Clock Frequency
When FC and OSC are unconnected (open), the oscillator runs at 10kHz typically. When FC is connected to V+, the charge and discharge current at OSC changes from 1.0A to 8.0A, thus increasing the oscillator
Table 1. Single-Output Charge Pumps
MAX828 Package Op. Current (typ, mA) Output (typ) Pump Rate (kHz) Input (V) 6 SOT 23-5 0.06 20 12 1.25 to 5.5 MAX829 SOT 23-5 0.15 20 35 1.25 to 5.5 MAX860 SO-8, MAX MAX861 SO-8, MAX MAX660 SO-8 MAX1044 SO-8, MAX 0.03 6.5 5 1.5 to 10 ICL7662 SO-8 0.25 125 10 1.5 to 10 ICL7660 SO-8, MAX 0.08 55 10 1.5 to 10
0.2 at 6kHz, 0.3 at 13kHz, 0.12 at 5kHz, 0.6 at 50kHz, 1.1 at 100kHz, 1 at 40kHz 1.4 at 130kHz 2.5 at 250kHz 12 6, 50, 130 1.5 to 5.5 12 13, 100, 150 1.5 to 5.5 6.5 5, 40 1.5 to 5.5
_______________________________________________________________________________________
CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter MAX660
frequency eight times. In the third mode, the oscillator frequency is lowered by connecting a capacitor between OSC and GND. FC can still multiply the frequency by eight times in this mode, but for a lower range of frequencies (see Typical Operating Characteristics). In the inverter mode, OSC may also be overdriven by an external clock source that swings within 100mV of V+ and GND. Any standard CMOS logic output is suitable for driving OSC. When OSC is overdriven, FC has no effect. Also, LV must be grounded when overdriving OSC. Do not overdrive OSC in voltage-doubling mode. Note: In all modes, the frequency of the signal appearing at CAP+ and CAP- is one-half that of the oscillator. Also, an undesirable effect of lowering the oscillator frequency is that the effective output resistance of the charge pump increases. This can be compensated by increasing the value of the charge-pump capacitors (see Capacitor Selection section and Typical Operating Characteristics). In some applications, the 5kHz output ripple frequency may be low enough to interfere with other circuitry. If desired, the oscillator frequency can then be increased through use of the FC pin or an external oscillator as described above. The output ripple frequency is onehalf the selected oscillator frequency. Increasing the clock frequency increases the MAX660's quiescent current, but also allows smaller capacitance values to be used for C1 and C2.
100kHz 50kHz 20kHz 10kHz 5kHz 2kHz 1kHz
TOTAL OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE ()
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 4 6 8 10 100
MAX660-fig 2
20
ESR = 0.25 FOR BOTH C1 AND C2 MAX660 OUTPUT SOURCE RESISTANCE ASSUMED TO BE 5.25
1000
CAPACITANCE (F)
Figure 2. Total Output Source Resistance vs. C1 and C2 Capacitance (C1 = C2)
________________Capacitor Selection
Three factors (in addition to load current) affect the MAX660 output voltage drop from its ideal value: 1) MAX660 output resistance 2) Pump (C1) and reservoir (C2) capacitor ESRs 3) C1 and C2 capacitance The voltage drop caused by MAX660 output resistance is the load current times the output resistance. Similarly, the loss in C2 is the load current times C2's ESR. The loss in C1, however, is larger because it handles currents that are greater than the load current during charge-pump operation. The voltage drop due to C1 is therefore about four times C1's ESR multiplied by the load current. Consequently, a low (or high) ESR capacitor has a much greater impact on performance for C1 than for C2. Generally, as the pump frequency of the MAX660 increases, the capacitance values required to maintain comparable ripple and output resistance diminish proportionately. The curves of Figure 2 show the total circuit
output resistance for various capacitor values (the pump and reservoir capacitors' values are equal) and oscillator frequencies. These curves assume 0.25 capacitor ESR and a 5.25 MAX660 output resistance, which is why the flat portion of the curve shows a 6.5 (RO MAX660 + 4 (ESRC1) + ESRC2) effective output resistance. Note: R O = 5.25 is used, rather than the typical 6.5, because the typical specification includes the effect of the ESRs of the capacitors in the test circuit. In addition to the curves in Figure 2, four bar graphs in the Typical Operating Characteristics show output current for capacitances ranging from 0.33F to 220F. Output current is plotted for inputs of 4.5V (5V-10%) and 3.0V (3.3V-10%), and allow for 10% and 20% output droop with each input voltage. As can be seen from the graphs, the MAX660 6.5 series resistance limits increases in output current vs. capacitance for values much above 47F. Larger values may still be useful, however, to reduce ripple. To reduce the output ripple caused by the charge pump, increase the reservoir capacitor C2 and/or reduce its ESR. Also, the reservoir capacitor must have low ESR if filtering high-frequency noise at the output is important. Not all manufacturers guarantee capacitor ESR in the range required by the MAX660. In general, capacitor ESR is inversely proportional to physical size, so larger capacitance values and higher voltage ratings tend to reduce ESR.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7
CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter MAX660
The following is a list of manufacturers who provide low-ESR electrolytic capacitors:
Manufacturer/ Series AVX TPS Series AVX TAG Series Phone (803) 946-0690 (803) 946-0690 Fax (803) 626-3123 (803) 626-3123 (714) 960-6492 (603) 224-1430 (619) 661-1055 (619) 661-1055 (847) 843-2798 (847) 696-9278 (847) 390-4428 Comments Low-ESR tantalum SMT Low-cost tantalum SMT Low-cost tantalum SMT Aluminum electrolytic thru-hole Aluminum electrolytic SMT Aluminum electrolytic thru-hole Low-ESR tantalum SMT Ceramic SMT Ceramic SMT
Cascading Devices
To produce larger negative multiplication of the initial supply voltage, the MAX660 may be cascaded as shown in Figure 3. The resulting output resistance is approximately equal to the sum of the individual MAX660 ROUT values. The output voltage, where n is an integer representing the number of devices cascaded, is defined by VOUT = -n (VIN).
Paralleling Devices
Paralleling multiple MAX660s reduces the output resistance. As illustrated in Figure 4, each device requires its own pump capacitor C1, but the reservoir capacitor C2 serves all devices. The value of C2 should be increased by a factor of n, where n is the number of devices. Figure 4 shows the equation for calculating output resistance.
Matsuo 267 Series (714) 969-2491 Sprague 595 Series Sanyo MV-GX Series Sanyo CV-GX Series Nichicon PL Series (603) 224-1961 (619) 661-6835 (619) 661-6835 (847) 843-7500
United Chemi-Con (847) 696-2000 (Marcon) TDK (847) 390-4373
ROUT =
ROUT (of MAX660) n (NUMBER OF DEVICES)
+VIN +VIN 8 8 2 3 4 2 8 2 3 4 5 C2n C2 VOUT = -nVIN C2 VOUT 2 8 RL
C1
MAX660 "1"
5
C1n
3 4
MAX660 "n"
C1
MAX660 "1"
C1n 5
3 4
MAX660 "n"
5
Figure 3. Cascading MAX660s to Increase Output Voltage
Figure 4. Paralleling MAX660s to Reduce Output Resistance
8
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CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter
Combined Positive Supply Multiplication and Negative Voltage Conversion
This dual function is illustrated in Figure 5. In this circuit, capacitors C1 and C3 perform the pump and reservoir functions respectively for generation of the negative voltage. Capacitors C2 and C4 are respectively pump and reservoir for the multiplied positive voltage. This circuit configuration, however, leads to higher source impedances of the generated supplies. This is due to the finite impedance of the common charge-pump driver.
MAX660
1M 3V LITHIUM BATTERY DURACELL DL123A LBI 3 2 8 8 IN OUT 2
1M OPEN-DRAIN LOW-BATTERY OUTPUT 5V/100mA 150F 620k 1M SET 6 GND SHDN 4 5 220k
MAX660
150F 4 6 150 F
MAX667 LBO 7
DD 1
5 +VIN 8
NOTE: ALL 150F CAPACITORS ARE MAXC001, AVAILABLE FROM MAXIM. D1 2 3 C1 4 6 D1, D2 = 1N4148 VOUT = -VIN C2
MAX660
5
Figure 6. MAX660 generates a +5V regulated output from a 3V lithium battery and operates for 16 hours with a 40mA load.
D2 C3 C4 VOUT = (2VIN) (VFD1) - (VFD2)
Figure 5. Combined Positive Multiplier and Negative Converter
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9
CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter MAX660
___________________Chip Topography
FC V+
CAP+
GND OSC LV CAP-
0.120" (3.05mm)
OUT 0.073" (1.85mm)
TRANSISTOR COUNT = 89 SUBSTRATE CONNECTED TO V+.
10
______________________________________________________________________________________
CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter
________________________________________________________Package Information
E D A3 A A2 E1
DIM A A1 A2 A3 B B1 C D1 E E1 e eA eB L INCHES MAX MIN 0.200 - - 0.015 0.175 0.125 0.080 0.055 0.022 0.016 0.065 0.045 0.012 0.008 0.080 0.005 0.325 0.300 0.310 0.240 - 0.100 - 0.300 0.400 - 0.150 0.115 INCHES MIN MAX 0.348 0.390 0.735 0.765 0.745 0.765 0.885 0.915 1.015 1.045 1.14 1.265 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX - 5.08 0.38 - 3.18 4.45 1.40 2.03 0.41 0.56 1.14 1.65 0.20 0.30 0.13 2.03 7.62 8.26 6.10 7.87 2.54 - 7.62 - - 10.16 2.92 3.81 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 8.84 9.91 18.67 19.43 18.92 19.43 22.48 23.24 25.78 26.54 28.96 32.13
21-0043A
MAX660
L A1 e B D1
0 - 15 C B1 eA eB
Plastic DIP PLASTIC DUAL-IN-LINE PACKAGE (0.300 in.)
PKG. DIM PINS P P P P P N D D D D D D 8 14 16 18 20 24
DIM
D A e B
0.101mm 0.004in.
0-8
A1
C
L
A A1 B C E e H L
INCHES MAX MIN 0.069 0.053 0.010 0.004 0.019 0.014 0.010 0.007 0.157 0.150 0.050 0.244 0.228 0.050 0.016
MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 1.35 1.75 0.10 0.25 0.35 0.49 0.19 0.25 3.80 4.00 1.27 5.80 6.20 0.40 1.27
E
H
Narrow SO SMALL-OUTLINE PACKAGE (0.150 in.)
DIM PINS D D D 8 14 16
INCHES MILLIMETERS MIN MAX MIN MAX 0.189 0.197 4.80 5.00 0.337 0.344 8.55 8.75 0.386 0.394 9.80 10.00
21-0041A
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11
CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter MAX660
___________________________________________Package Information (continued)
DIM INCHES MIN MAX - 0.200 0.014 0.023 0.038 0.065 0.008 0.015 0.220 0.310 0.290 0.320 0.100 0.125 0.200 0.150 - 0.015 0.070 - 0.098 0.005 - MILLIMETERS MIN MAX - 5.08 0.36 0.58 0.97 1.65 0.20 0.38 5.59 7.87 7.37 8.13 2.54 3.18 5.08 3.81 - 0.38 1.78 - 2.49 0.13 -
E1 A D E
Q L e B S1 S B1 L1
0-15 C
A B B1 C E E1 e L L1 Q S S1
CERDIP CERAMIC DUAL-IN-LINE PACKAGE (0.300 in.)
DIM PINS D D D D D D 8 14 16 18 20 24
INCHES MILLIMETERS MIN MAX MIN MAX - 0.405 - 10.29 - 0.785 - 19.94 - 0.840 - 21.34 - 0.960 - 24.38 - 1.060 - 26.92 - 1.280 - 32.51
21-0045A
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
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____________________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 737-7600
Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.
(c) 1996 Maxim Integrated Products

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